{"id":3432,"date":"2020-08-07T16:46:40","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T13:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/?p=3432"},"modified":"2020-11-19T19:46:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T16:46:21","slug":"guarantee-of-union-membership","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/guarantee-of-union-membership\/","title":{"rendered":"SEND\u0130KA \u00dcYEL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N G\u00dcVENCES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131 bilhassa i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez temel haklardan birisidir. Ne var ki, bu hakk\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p ancak sendikaya \u00fcye olan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u00e7iveren taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bir anlam ifade edecektir. Bu sebeple, 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu\u2019nda (\u201cKanun<\/strong>\u201d) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanacak \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenceler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup bu g\u00fcveneler \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sendika \u00dcyeli\u011finin (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn) G\u00fcvencesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Kanunun 25. Maddesi \u00f6zetle \u2018\u2018ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131\u2019\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131nda, sendikaya \u00fcye olup olmama meselesinin ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa konu olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. \u00d6yle ki, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine bu g\u00fcvenceye ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lacak h\u00fck\u00fcmler de bir anlam ifade etmemekte ve hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz kabul edilmektedir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Toplamda dokuz f\u0131kra olarak d\u00fczenlenen ilgili maddede, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe al\u0131nma s\u0131ras\u0131nda yahut i\u015fin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince bir sendikaya \u00fcye olmak ya da olmamak dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 noktas\u0131nda da bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Bununla birlikte, sendikalara kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 kadar sendikal faaliyetlere kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 da korunmu\u015f ve madde devam\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yahut i\u015fverenin izni ile i\u015f saatleri i\u00e7inde sendikal faaliyetlere kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmaya sebebiyet veremeyece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Aksi taktirde i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe iade hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gibi i\u015fverene maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen yapt\u0131r\u0131m da uygulanabilecektir. \u0130lgili f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re madde metnine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k halinde sendikal tazminata h\u00fckmedilir. Nitekim bu tazminat, i\u015f\u00e7inin en az bir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccret tutar\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eder.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Maddenin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda sendikal nedenle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi d\u00fczenlemekte ve 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019unun (\u2018\u2018\u0130\u015fK.\u2019\u2019<\/strong>) 20 ve 21. Maddelerine at\u0131f yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin genel i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayanarak dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sendikal ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k dolay\u0131s\u0131yla feshedildi\u011fi ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde sendikal tazminata da h\u00fckmedilebilecektir. Fakat belirtmek gerekir ki b\u00f6ylesi bir durumda ayr\u0131ca \u0130\u015fK. Madde 21\u2019de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tazminata h\u00fckmedilmeyecektir. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshinin sendikal bir nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lacak i\u015fe iade davas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc bir sonraki f\u0131krada d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere i\u015fveren \u00fczerinde olacakt\u0131r. Fakat i\u015f\u00e7i, feshin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen nedene dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederse, bu defa ispat y\u00fck\u00fc ters d\u00f6necektir.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Fesih d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir sendikal ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalma iddias\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131lacak davada ispat y\u00fck\u00fc her ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fczerinde olsa da yedinci f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan sendikal ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6steren bir durum ortaya konuldu\u011funda, bu durumun nedenini a\u00e7\u0131klama noktas\u0131nda ispat y\u00fck\u00fc i\u015fverene devredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0130\u015fyeri Sendika Temsilcili\u011fi G\u00fcvencesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvencelere ek olarak i\u015f\u00e7iye, i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcisi olmak dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kanunda baz\u0131 ek \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenceler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kanunun 24. Maddesinde be\u015f f\u0131kra halinde d\u00fczenlenen bu g\u00fcvenceler i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fyeri temsilcisi s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki, i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcisinin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ancak hakl\u0131 nedenlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde feshedilebilecektir ki bu hakl\u0131 nedenler \u0130\u015fK.\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ge\u00e7erli sebeplerden daha a\u011f\u0131r nedenler olup her olayda \u00f6zel olarak de\u011ferlendirilecektir. Nitekim i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi feshedilen temsilci hakl\u0131 neden bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle f\u0131krada tan\u0131nan spesifik i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine dayanarak, i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131na ve k\u0131dem s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fe iade talebinde bulunabilecektir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Temsilcinin i\u015fe iadesine karar verilmesi durumunda, bu karar\u0131n feshe ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ak\u0131betine etkisi konusunda doktrinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi olmamakla birlikte, maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere, kanaatimizce i\u015fe iade karar\u0131 ile birlikte i\u015fyeri temsilcisinin i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015flat\u0131lmamas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak fesih sanki hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f gibi ortadan kalkacak ve temsilci i\u015f edimini sunmasa dahi \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilecektir. Bu durum toplu i\u015f hukuku literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u201cmutlak i\u015fe iade\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

      Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, temsilcili\u011fi sona eren i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmak istenirse yeni bir fesih yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecek ve i\u015f\u00e7inin bu durumda yeni bir i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u0130\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan temsilcinin i\u015fyerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusu 4. F\u0131krada d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup \u0130\u015fK. Madde 22\u2019ye k\u0131yasen, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00fcvence sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emredici olan h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, temsilcinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ge\u00e7erli olmayacak ve \u015fayet i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6nerilen i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmasa dahi bu s\u00fcre boyunca \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fverenden talep edebilecektir.[4]<\/a>,<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Son olarak maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda sendika i\u015fyeri temsilcisine tan\u0131nan g\u00fcvencelerden, sendika y\u00f6neticilerinin de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yararlanabilece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Sendika Y\u00f6neticisinin G\u00fcvencesi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u0130\u015fyeri temsilcilerine tan\u0131nan g\u00fcvenceler de dahil olmakla birlikte, sendika y\u00f6neticilerine 23. Madde ile ek g\u00fcvenceler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki, sendika y\u00f6neticisi olmak dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015ften ayr\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticili\u011fi sona erdi\u011finde i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edebilmesidir. Ayr\u0131ca sendika y\u00f6neticisi olan i\u015f\u00e7iye, \u00f6zel bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi fesih hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. F\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, y\u00f6netici oldu\u011fu anda yahut ask\u0131 s\u00fcresinde iken i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshederek k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131 alabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u0130\u015fveren, sendikan\u0131n t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin sona ermesi, se\u00e7ime girmemek, yeniden se\u00e7ilmemek veya kendi iste\u011fi ile \u00e7ekilmek suretiyle g\u00f6revi sona eren i\u015f\u00e7iyi, ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine i\u015fe almakla m\u00fckelleftir. Aksi taktirde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmi\u015f say\u0131lacak ve i\u015f\u00e7inin mevcutsa i\u015f g\u00fcvenci h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ba\u015fvurarak i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131[5]<\/a>, sendikal tazminat, ihbar tazminat\u0131 ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 gibi tazminatlara hak kazanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. Say\u0131lan haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00f6neticili\u011fi sona eren i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131rken i\u015fe ba\u015flatma noktas\u0131nda i\u015fverene y\u00fckletilmi\u015f bir sorumluluk mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u00d6zetle, sendikaya \u00fcye olma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015flevsel olabilmesi i\u00e7in, sendika \u00fcyeli\u011finin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu hakk\u0131n i\u015fverenlere kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etti\u011finden, kanun koyucu sendika \u00fcyeli\u011fine, sendika i\u015fyeri temsilcili\u011fine ve sendika y\u00f6neticili\u011fine ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00fcvenceler \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve kanunun ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131nda bu g\u00fcvenceleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 maddeler halinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> BASKAN, Esra: 6356 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Sendikal Nedenle Feshi, Ankara 2013, 60.<\/em><\/p>\n

        [2]<\/a> SUR, Melda: \u0130\u015f Hukuku Toplu \u0130li\u015fkiler, B.5, Ankara 2015, 62 vd.<\/em><\/p>\n

        [3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u0130nciro\u011flu, L\u00fctfi:<\/em>Yeni Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu\u2019nda \u0130\u015fyeri Sendika Temsilcisinin G\u00fcvencesi, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum, 2013\/1<\/em><\/p>\n

        [4]<\/a> Sur<\/em>, 65.<\/p>\n

        [5]<\/a> Detayl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in bkz. Narmanl\u0131o\u011flu<\/em>, 112 vd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131 bilhassa i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez temel haklardan birisidir. Ne var ki, bu hakk\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p ancak sendikaya \u00fcye olan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u00e7iveren taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bir anlam ifade edecektir. Bu sebeple, 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu\u2019nda (\u201cKanun\u201d) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanacak \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenceler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3434,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3432\/revisions\/3434"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guzel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}